Developing a Universal Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine: Why Aren?t We There Yet?

Challenges for a universal Staphylococcus aureus vaccine.

This review considers the reasons why the staphylococcal vaccine trials may have failed, based on new information about protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus. The clinical trials and future vaccine candidate antigens are reviewed. Challenges facing the development of a universal S. aureus vaccine are also considered. The lack of a biomarker that is able to predict protection is a ma...

Breast Cancer Vaccine: Are We There Yet?

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph: Breast cancer is the most fatal form of cancer for female population worldwide. National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates 226,870 females and 2,190 males to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States by the end of 2012. The estimated death toll for this year includes 39,510 females and 410 males, as reported by NCI. Statis...

Clinical Xenotransplantation of Organs: Why Aren't We There Yet?

"Are we there yet?".

Changes in laws are reflected – even foreshadowed on occasion – by the field’s scholarship. In the 1980s, there were few who recognized that adults with disabilities were an important resource in the education of students with disabilities or that issues of race and culture had consequence for identifying and delivering services to these children. It is striking that this special issue of the L...

Are We There Yet?

Statistical approaches to Artificial Intelligence are behind most success stories of the field in the past decade. The idea of generating non-trivial behaviour by analysing vast amounts of data has enabled recommendation systems, search engines, spam filters, optical character recognition, machine translation and speech recognition, among other things. As we celebrate the spectacular achievemen...